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The Simplicity and Beauty of St. Sophia’s Interior
Inside St. Sophia, there are no tombs, statues, or altars to obstruct the view in any direction. The space is open, allowing visitors to...
The Dome of St. Sophia A Monumental Achievement
It is often claimed that the dome of St. Sophia was the first of its kind ever built, but this is not entirely true....
The Cost and Effort Behind St. Sophia
The true cost of building St. Sophia is unknown. However, we do know that the construction placed a heavy burden on everyone in the...
The Identification of Tower L and the Inscription
The Repair and Placement of the Inscription
In support of the idea that the inscription found on Tower L might not belong there originally, it...
The Tower of Isaac Angelus and Its Features
The Windows and Balconies
The north-western wall of the tower had three large round-headed windows. These windows opened to a balcony, which offered a beautiful...
The Tower of Isaac Angelus
The Identification of the Tower
It is reasonable to think that the Tower of Isaac Angelus is the tower that bears the inscription in his...
Reshad Effendi the Imprisoned Heir to the Ottoman Throne
The Next in Line
The Second Brother's Position
Following the Ottoman succession law, Reshad Effendi, who was Sultan Abdul Hamid's second brother, stood as the official...
The Ottoman Succession Law and the Fate of Royal Brothers
The Mystery of Abdul Aziz's Death
Competing Theories
While the British embassy surgeon officially ruled that Sultan Abdul Aziz committed suicide, many people in the Ottoman...
The Ottoman Succession Crisis
From Abdul Medjid to Abdul Hamid
Introduction to the Imperial Family
The story of how Abdul Hamid II came to power involves a complex series of...
A Military Agreement to Support the Treaty
To make sure the treaty is followed properly, a Military Convention will also be signed. This agreement will explain:
What each country must do in...
